Com o aumento crescente no número de partos programados, é importante para os médicos e para as futuras mães entenderem os riscos associados com a indução eletiva do parto.
Tentando mensurar esses riscos, uma equipe de médicos da Universidade de Rochester, nos Estados Unidos, pesquisou mulheres que estavam dando à luz seu primeiro filho.
As conclusões mostram que induzir o trabalho sem uma razão médica, apenas por conveniência , está associado com problemas para a mãe, incluindo o aumento das taxas de cesárea, maior perda de sangue e um período de permanência no hospital mais longo. E essa indução não traz qualquer benefício para o recém-nascido.
Os pesquisadores descobriram que cerca de 34% das mulheres que optaram pela indução eletiva do trabalho de parto acabaram tendo uma cesariana, contra uma taxa de 20% entre as mulheres que aguardaram o parto natural.
Da mesma forma que a indução eletiva, afirmam os autores do estudo, a cesariana pode ser vista ingenuamente como rotineira e sem risco, quando na verdade ela é uma grande cirurgia e, como toda cirurgia, aumenta o risco de infecções, complicações respiratórias e a necessidade de cirurgias adicionais, resultando em maior tempo de recuperação.
Para cada 100 mulheres que se submeteram à indução eletiva, houve um adicional de 88 dias de permanência no hospital, representando custos acrescidos para a mãe e para o hospital.
Nos partos induzidos, os bebês foram mais propensos a precisar de oxigênio imediatamente após o parto.
Eles também se mostraram mais propensos a exigir atenção especializada de especialistas da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal.
“Os benefícios de um procedimento devem sempre superar os riscos. Se não houver quaisquer benefícios médicos para induzir o trabalho de parto, é difícil justificar fazê-lo eletivamente quando sabemos que isso aumenta os riscos para a mãe e o bebê,” afirma o Dr. Christopher Glantz um dos autores do estudo, que foi publicado no Journal of Reproductive Medicine.
Nos Estados Unidos, tem aumentado o número de partos programados, por conveniência das mães ou dos médicos, ou de ambos.
Isso tem sido considerado um problema pelos especialistas, ainda assim um problema considerado menos grave do que a cesárea eletiva em larga escala, como ocorre no Brasil.
Embora médicos e mães possam considerar que a indução do trabalho de parto não faz mal, ele não funciona tão bem quanto o parto natural, como se está essencialmente partindo do zero, sem a progressão natural dos organismos da mãe e do bebê, a chance de surgirem problemas é muito maior.
“Como profissional e como mãe, eu sei como pode ser tentador agendar o parto para deixar sua vida em ordem, mas há uma razão para que os bebês permaneçam no útero pelo tempo total natural da gravidez,” disse a Dra. Loralei Thornburg, especializada em medicina materno-fetal. “Por que colocar você e seu bebê em risco se você não precisa fazer isso?”
Os médicos afirmam que as conclusões só se aplicam ao primeiro parto, mães que passaram por parto induzido mas que já haviam tido um filho por parto natural não-induzido não tiveram aumento nos riscos.
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