Há, então, uma alteração na dinâmica psíquica da gestante, pois com a possibilidade de vida de seu bebê, mesmo num parto prematuro, altera-se, também, a percepção que tinha dele e que lhe permite começar a pensar quando será o parto e como será.
No decorrer das semanas, o corpo da futura mamãe vai se avolumando mais e mais, provocando-lhe um intenso desconforto físico. Percebe-se mais pesada e lenta, sem energia e disposição para manter suas atividades habituais, também porque não mais encontra posição confortável para dormir.
Embora todas as gestantes sintam-se mais limitadas, as reações são diferentes. Enquanto umas descansam, ficando um tempo maior deitadas e inativas, outras continuam hiperativas como negando a gravidez, uma vez que a baixa de atividade geral, significaria aumento na angústia.
Assim, mais uma vez que a ansiedade se exacerba e os sentimentos são ambivalentes: a vontade de terminar a gravidez e ter o filho alterna-se com a vontade de prolongá-la para que possa fazer as adaptações internas e externas necessárias para acolher o bebê.
A angústia do parto é, talvez, a mais primitiva que se conhece, pois faz reviver o momento crucial em que ocorre a separação definitiva do corpo materno, quando do próprio nascimento.
O conflito entre os conteúdos conscientes e inconscientes, que aparecem mais especialmente nesta etapa, facilita a revivência de conflitos infantis da gestante com seus pais de origem ou irmãos, que antes permaneciam reprimidos. Desta maneira, surge a oportunidade de renegociar suas relações com a história familiar, encontrando novas possibilidades de solução ou então se intensificam os conflitos, o que certamente irá afetar a relação mãe-bebê.
Com os movimentos fetais, há, também, uma percepção maior das contrações uterinas, muitas vezes sobressaltando e atemorizando ainda mais a futura mamãe.
Todos estes sintomas expressam, além do conflito, um pedido de ajuda e proteção por não conseguir suportar e elaborar a crise de ansiedade.
Vale dizer que os temores mais comuns que se expressam na gravidez apresentam um caráter de autopunição, do tipo: temor à morte no parto, à dor, incapacidade de criar bem o filho, ter leite fraco ou mesmo não conseguir produzir leite suficiente, parto traumático por fórceps ou cesariana, morte do filho, filho disforme… enfim, a gestante sente que não é capaz de defrontar-se com o parto e superá-lo.
Freqüentemente, nestes momentos de intensa crise, deixa de perceber os movimentos fetais, cuja vivência é extremamente dolorosa e angustiante, pois é associada à possibilidade de morte do bebê. Essa ausência de percepção deve-se à intensidade da angústia, bem como, pelo fato de o feto estar bem desenvolvido e não haver espaço intra-uterino suficiente para suas evoluções, além de que já existe certo grau de encaixamento.
É importante lembrar que não são apenas as primíparas a apresentar as fobias do parto. Por serem fobias profundamente enraizadas, ligadas à história da mulher, a esta gravidez, ao modo como sua mãe relatou o seu próprio nascimento, à história do casal e ao que ela espera deste filho, podem atingir as gestantes em outra gravidez e não necessariamente na primeira.
É muito comum as futuras mamães terem sonhos referentes ao parto, ao bebê, às alterações do seu corpo e às expectativas em relação a si mesma e ao bebê. O sonho tem uma função fundamental nestes casos, pois oferece a oportunidade de enfrentar antecipadamente a tensão do parto, numa tentativa de dominá-la, não devendo, porém, ser considerado como premonição, pois o verdadeiro significado só poderá emergir durante um trabalho analítico.
Atualmente, sabe-se que o futuro papai não fica imune às angústias durante a gestação de seu filho e elas também podem ser expressas através de sonhos e, muitas vezes, de distrações e esquecimentos, o que provocam grandes tensões entre o casal.
Um dos temores mais comuns é não saber reconhecer os sinais do parto e ser pega de surpresa. Assim, a qualquer sinal percebido como estranho, geralmente a gestante vai para a maternidade.
Os alarmes falsos têm duas funções tranqüilizadoras: além de permitir a liberação da ansiedade, funciona como um exercício da maneira como deverá se comportar no momento de ir para o hospital. Muitos homens aproveitam para cronometrar o tempo dispendido no percurso, pois o fato de saber em quanto tempo suas parceiras estarão sob cuidados médicos e hospitalares, acalma-os.
No caso de existirem outros filhos, estes devem ser preparados para a ausência materna, quando for ter o bebê.
No momento em que o parto se aproxima, o ambiente mais próximo, preferencialmente as futuras vovós, entram num estado de grande agitação, fazendo planos e oferecendo assistência e colaboração após o nascimento do bebê.
Muitas vezes o ambiente imediato não consegue funcionar como continente para todas as angústias, temores, ansiedades e culpas que despertam na futura mamãe, porque também estão revivendo, de forma menos dramática, é verdade, seus próprios temores frente à vida. Assim, a gestante se percebe muito só, sem apoio e proteção, completamente indefesa, o que, por certo, aumentará a angústia, podendo chegar à depressão.
Faz-se extremamente prudente e necessário a ajuda de um profissional capacitado que possa acolhê-la, orientá-la e reassegurar-lhe a confiança e o bem-estar neste momento de crise ou mesmo de todo o período gestacional.
Ana Maria Moratelli da Silva RicoPsicóloga clínica
Fonte: Guia do bebê
Plágio é crime e está previsto no artigo 184 do Código Penal.
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