Drenagem Linfática na Gestação

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drenagem linfática

 Durante a gestação há um aumento na produção hormonal, responsável por várias modificações estruturais e musculares. 

Alguns dos hormônios essenciais na gravidez são responsáveis pela tendência de reabsorver sódio, e isso causa a retenção hídrica. 

O corpo tem um aumento do volume sanguíneo que varia de 30% a 50%, ou seja, temos a capacidade de reter em nosso organismo um volume de água até 8 litros acima do normal. 

O ganho de peso total pode variar muito de mulher para mulher, mas se estimarmos um aumento médio de 12 quilos – sendo que os médicos recomendam um aumento de peso durante toda a gravidez de 9 a 13,5 quilos – este será geralmente distribuído da seguinte forma: 3,5kg do feto; 2,0kg do líquido amniótico, placentas e membranas fetais; 1,0kg do útero; 1,0kg de mamas; 1,5kg de acúmulode gordura e 3,0kg de sangue e líquido extra celular.
Em primeiro lugar é importante saber o que é o sistema linfático.  Além de um sistema de vasos sanguíneos o nosso corpo possui um sistema de vasos linfáticos. Como funciona isso? É assim: uma parte do plasma (a parte líquida do sangue) que chega nos capilares (os vasos sangüíneos mais finos) transborda entre as células dos órgãos, músculos e outros tecidos.

Esse líquido é chamado líquido intersticial. Junta-se a ele as toxinas liberadas pelas células e se forma a linfa, que vai então ser absorvida nos vasos linfáticos. Da mesma forma que as veias, os vasos linfáticos vão ficando cada vez mais grossos, até desembocarem na veia cava e entrarem no coração, voltando assim à circulação sanguínea. Do coração, o sangue vai para todos os órgãos inclusive os rins, onde é filtrado e formada a urina, que será eliminada.

Também viajam pelos vasos linfáticos, além das toxinas, os microorganismos que causam doenças, como vírus e bactérias. Por esse motivo a natureza colocou no sistema linfático uma espécie de blitz: os linfonodos. Nessas blitz ficam concentradas as células de defesa do organismo, que param e combatem os agentes que causam doenças ou mesmo células cancerígenas nocivas ao organismo.

Entendido o que é linfa e sistema linfático é fácil compreender o que pode dar errado: o líquido se acumular causando inchaço. Ele pode se acumular por diversos motivos por exemplo a quantidade de sangue pode aumentar (como ocorre na gravidez) e mais líquido transbordar para os tecidos, ou pode haver uma maior produção de líquido local o que ocorre nos inchaços causados por inflamação.

O que a drenagem linfática faz então? Como o próprio nome diz, ela drena esse líquido que está acumulado entre as células para os vasos linfáticos e deles até o coração. Só isso. E é bastante.

Com isso fica claro que a drenagem linfática (técnica manual criada pelo biólogo dinamarquês Emil Vodder e sua esposa Estrid Vodder em 1936) é indicada para os casos onde há retenção de água no corpo (se não tem líquido sobrando não tem o que drenar).

Sendo um método de fisioterapia, com efeitos colaterais se mal aplicada, deverá ser realizada por um fisioterapeuta devidamente qualificado. 

 
Este profissional é o único capaz de avaliar e monitorar as mudanças físicas, enfocando primariamente a manutenção do bem estar da gestante. É importante que esta converse com o seu médico sobre o procedimento, durante as consultas de pré-natal. Uma vez autorizadas pelo obstetra, as sessões de drenagem linfática podem ter início no segundo trimeste da gestação, quando a mulher já começa a perceber mudanças no corpo e no comportamento. São indicadas até duas sessões por semana.

O fisioterapeuta pressiona e desliza a mão por todo o corpo, direcionando o excesso de líquido para os gânglios linfáticos, os quais trabalham para eliminá-lo pela urina. Portanto, é comum sentir vontade de urinar com mais freqüência após a sessão.

Mas a história não é tão simples assim. Como tudo que se faz durante a gravidez, com essa massagem também precisa-se ter cautela. Uma drenagem linfática mal executada pode estimular as contrações uterinas e causar até a precipitação do parto a partir do sexto mês de gestação. Também pode comprometer a circulação e causar hematomas. “Considero que nem 10% das drenagens são realizadas de forma correta. Não existe nenhum estudo científico sobre o risco desse tratamento.

A drenagem linfática previne e trata as complicações decorrentes da gestação, auxiliando no alívio de problemas circulatórios e musculares, bem como de outros problemas relacionados às mudanças hormonais, tais como enxaqueca, insônia, constipação intestinal e cansaço, além de proporcionar relaxamento
à gestante.


Benefícios:


– Estímulo na circulação venosa e linfática, que reduz a retenção de líquido, diminuindo os inchaços típicos da gravidez, além de estimular a lactação e a dessensibilização das mamas, preparando-as para a amamentação; 


– Prevenção e combate às varizes e sensação de pernas cansadas; 


– Combate à celulite; 


– Alívio de tensões e redução de dores musculares;


– Ativa o sistema vegetativo, aumentando a sensação de relaxamento, ajudando a combater o estresse;

– Proporciona regeneração e aumenta a imunidade do organismo, uma vez que aumenta a eliminação de toxinas e estimula a produção de linfócitos pelos gânglios linfáticos. 

De todos os benefícios já citados para as gestantes, um, em especial, merece destaque: com as constantes sessões, as grávidas passam a se conhecer mais e aceitam melhor a nova identidade corporal. Desta forma, a mulher passa a ter aumento do bem-estar emocional, fortalecendo ainda mais o vínculo mãe-bebê

Recomendações diárias:

– Beba de dois a três litros de água por dia
– Evite o excesso de sal, que ajuda a reter líquido no organismo
– Inclua no cardápio bastante legumes e frutas, como melancia e melão, que contêm muito líquido
– Evite a carne vermelha, principalmente à noite. Substitua por peixe, que é rico em ômega 3, uma gordura saudável
– Sob a orientação do seu médico, pratique atividades físicas regulares, como a caminhada.

Este artigo pertence ao http://gestavida.blogspot.com/
Plágio é crime e está previsto no artigo 184 do Código Penal.

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