Pesquisa feita com 8.397 mulheres no Rio mostra que aleitamento começa 10 horas após cirurgia, contra 4 horas no parto normal
FLÁVIA MANTOVANIDA REPORTAGEM LOCAL
Mulheres que passam por cesariana demoram mais a começar a amamentar seus bebês do que aquelas que se submetem a parto normal. É o que mostra um estudo feito com 8.397 mães em 47 hospitais públicos e privados do Rio de Janeiro.
Quanto antes ocorrer a primeira mamada, menores são as chances de mortalidade neonatal. A OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) preconiza que ela aconteça logo na primeira hora de vida. Publicado na última edição dos “Cadernos de Saúde Pública”, da Fiocruz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) e realizado por pesquisadores da Secretaria de Saúde de Queimados (RJ), da Universidade Federal Fluminense e da Fiocruz, o levantamento mostra que a amamentação demora cerca de dez horas para ser iniciada após a cesárea -no parto normal, o tempo médio é de quatro horas. Das mães que fizeram o parto natural, 22,4% conseguiram amamentar na primeira hora e 86%, no primeiro dia após o nascimento-a taxa foi de 5,8% e 76%, respectivamente, nas cesarianas.
A pediatra Roseli Sarni, presidente do departamento de nutrologia da SBP (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria), afirma que questões hormonais podem explicar a maior dificuldade de amamentar após a cesárea. Na hora da cirurgia, a placenta pode não estar tão madura quanto estaria se o parto fosse natural, o que prejudica a produção do hormônio lactogênio placentário, que modula a produção do leite.”Normalmente, a mulher que passa por cesárea não está no máximo da produção desse hormônio. Assim, demora a ter a chamada apojadura, quando ela sente a mama cheia, o que facilita a “pega” do bebê.”
Ela diz que não há problema em colocar o bebê junto da mãe logo após a cesariana. “Há quem ache que a mãe está cansada e por isso não coloca. Mas a mulher deve pedir isso.”
Benefícios
A amamentação precoce facilita a saída de leite da mama, ajuda na recuperação da mulher e faz com que o bebê chore menos, entre outras vantagens.
O leite passa anticorpos da mãe para o bebê, protegendo-o em uma fase em que seu sistema imune está vulnerável. Um desses anticorpos, que “forra” o intestino e forma uma barreira contra microorganismos, é mais secretado no colostro, o leite produzido nos primeiros três a cinco dias do pós-parto, ressalta Sarni.
O leite contém, também, probióticos, bactérias que reforçam a flora intestinal do bebê.
Na pesquisa, menos de metade dos recém-nascidos que ficaram em berçários mamaram logo no primeiro dia -esse foi o fator que, isoladamente, mais contribuiu para a demora no aleitamento. “O alojamento conjunto é um direito da mãe. O ideal é que ela fique o tempo todo com seu bebê”, diz Sarni.
Fonte: Folha.
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