Apresentações do bebê

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apresentação fetal

Fonte: Doula em Londrina

Apresentação dos bebês no útero
Como seu bebê está dentro da sua barriga? E como isso pode afetar seu parto? Lembrando que antes da 32ª semana mais ou menos, o bebê tem muito espaço para se movimentar dentro do útero e não é motivo para se preocupar se ele estiver em uma das posições que dificultam ou impossibilitam um parto normal. E mesmo após a 32ª semana eles podem virar e assumir uma posição favorável ao parto.
Apresentação Cefálica
A grande maioria dos bebês, mais de 90% deles ao final da gestação assumem a posição transversa ou cefálica. Eles ficam com a cabeça para baixo em direção ao canal de parto. É o ideal para o parto normal.

Apresentação Pélvica
Apresentação Cefálica, Pélvica e Transversa
Ele pode estar pélvico, sentado “em cima” do canal de parto. Existem muitos exercícios que podem ser feitos para o bebê virar. Caso ele não vire ainda há uma manobra chamada Versão Externa que pode recolocar o bebê em posição cefálica. Mas se não for feita a manobra e o médico ou parteira não forem experientes em partos pélvicos, a indicação é se fazer uma cesariana. É possível sim um bebê nascer pélvico, mas temos cada vez menos profissionais habilitados a acompanhar este tipo de parto. 
Apresentação Transversa
Ele pode estar transverso, ou “atravessado” dentro do útero. Nesta posição se não for tentado a Versão Externa ou ela não foi bem sucedida é indicação absoluta de cesariana. 

Posição do bebê
Acima os bebês Posteriores a direta e a esquerda
No meio os bebês transversos à direita e à esquerda
Abaixo os bebês Anteriores à direita e à esquerda
Ele ainda pode ser classificado pela posição que sua face está apontando dentro do útero.
Ele está Anterior quando está “olhando” para as suas costas. Então as costinhas do bebê estão ao longo da sua barriga. Se as costinhas estão mais para o lado esquerdo está “anterior esquerdo” e se as costinhas estão mais para o lado direito “anterior direito”. A posição Anterior é a que permite que o bebê saia mais facilmente pela pelve.
Ele está Posterior quando está olhando para frente da sua barriga e de costas para as suas costas. Da mesma maneira ele pode estar “Posterior Esquerdo” ou “Posterior Direito” de acordo com o lado que ele fica. Bebês posteriores nascem de parto normal, mas costumam ser partos um pouco mais demorados e doloridos.
Bebês que assumem a posição posterior podem virar anteriores até mesmo na hora do parto. Mas se permanecerem posteriores o ideal é evitar ficar deitada e assumir posições que ampliem o canal do parto, como por exemplo ficar em quatro apoios ou na posição genupeitoral. Pode-se tentar ainda manobras com o rebozzo para que o bebê consiga virar.
Também podemos classificar a posição de acordo com a parte do bebê que vai encaixar no canal do parto.
A – Fletido (posição ideal). B – Neutro ou fronte. C- Defletido
E suas proporções na pelve materna
Defletido: Quando o bebê está com a cabeça “para trás” e não fletida para a frente ele assume uma posição que faz com o que  o diâmetro maior do crânio do bebê encaixe na pelve e isso pode causar uma desproporção dependendo do tamanho da pelve da mãe. Também só é detectável durante o trabalho de parto e se o bebê não mudar de posição a indicação é uma cesariana. Ele pode também estar numa posição neutra “de fronte” com a cabeça nem fletida e nem defletida. Isso aumenta o diâmetro do crânio também. Pode-se usar o rebozzo para ajudar o bebê a fazer a flexão ou tentar as posições que ampliam o canal do parto ou se o bebê não fizer a flexão.

Face com o queixo anterior (a) e posterior (b)

Face: quando o bebê encaixa com a face no canal do parto. É também uma apresentação bastante defletida. Alguns bebês nascem nesta posição, mas dependendo de como ele encaixa, por ser a face um dos diâmetros maiores do crânio do bebê, pode causar uma desproporção céfalo-pélvica. Mesmo a pelve da mãe sendo de um tamanho ideal para o parto, a maneira como o bebê encaixou e o tamanho da pelve da mãe impede ele de descer. É bem raro acontecer e só pode ser detectado em trabalho de parto, mas se acontecer a indicação é uma cesariana.

 A –  Assinclitismo Parietal Anterior.
B – Sinclitismo (posição ideal).
C – Assinclitismo Parietal Posterior

Assinclitismo

É quando a cabeça do bebê fica inclinada para o lado direito ou esquerdo. Pode acontecer para ajudar o bebê a descer se “moldando” a pelve da mãe. Mas se for um assinclitismo severo pode causar desproporção céfalo-pélvica levando a uma cesariana.
Algumas coisas podem ser feitas para ajudar o bebê a ficar em uma boa apresentação e posição para nascer:
Evitar sentar reclinada em cadeiras ou sofás
Preferir sentar na posição de “índio” ou sempre com a barriga mais para frente
Caminhar
Fazer exercícios com a bola.
É importante se informar para saber no momento do parto o que podemos fazer para facilitar a descida do bebê e também quando uma cesariana é necessária.
O Rebozzo é uma técnica muito usada pela parteira mexicana Naoli Vinaver para ajudar o bebê a ficar em uma posição melhor para nascer. É um tecido que é usado para movimentar a pelve da mãe permitindo o bebê se mover dentro do útero. Em vários casos de mal posicionamento do bebê ele pode ser usado.
Este artigo pertence ao http://gestavida.blogspot.com/
Plágio é crime e está previsto no artigo 184 do Código Penal.

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