Em nove meses de gestação, as atividades físicas de baixa intensidade podem continuar ocorrendo. Além da caminhada e da hidroginástica – e de exercícios até um pouco mais intensos para aquelas mulheres que já tinham uma rotina de atividades físicas – outras opções são o pilates e a ioga.
“Mas é bom lembrar que esses exercícios não têm a função de emagrecer – no máximo podem controlar o peso –, pois o principal para essas gestantes é exercitar o corpo de forma a mantê-lo saudável e garantir um desenvolvimento adequado do seu bebê. Um treino com sobrecarga leve – como a fisioterapia para gestante – pode ajudar a fortalecer os músculos, o que é importante quando se aumenta o peso do próprio corpo. Esse tipo de exercício auxilia para evitar dores nas costas, por exemplo.
Outros exercícios, como o alongamento, ajudam tanto na prevenção das dores lombares quanto no momento do trabalho de parto”, explica Ana Paula Pessanha, fisioterapeuta do serviço integrado de fisioterapia (Sinfisio) do Hospital Santa Catarina, em São Paulo.
Ana Paula lembra que as modificações no corpo da gestante, em especial no primeiro trimestre, são pouco perceptivas. As gestantes normalmente se queixam de aumento da sonolência e a sensação de cansaço.
Nessas primeiras 12 semanas há um maior risco de aborto espontâneo, então alguns médicos não recomendam exercícios físicos, exceto se tudo estiver bem e a gestante tiver hábito anterior de se exercitar.
Os exercícios devem ser suavizados nesse período. Uma caminhada leve como rotina de exercícios auxilia para o próximo estágio da gravidez, quando a barriga se torna mais proeminente e o centro de gravidade começa a se deslocar.
“Os exercícios também ajudam a combater um problema comum entre as gestantes, que é a constipação intestinal. Exercitar-se é bom para o trato digestório, por exemplo”, diz a especialista. “Lembrando sempre que os exercícios para essas mulheres devem ter o aval do médico e não devem causar desconfortos”, completa.
Mudança no centro de gravidade
No segundo trimestre da gravidez, o corpo começa a ter mudanças mais profundas. A barriga aumenta e o peso também. Além disso, o corpo retém mais líquido. “Fazer atividade ajuda a controlar essa retenção” explica a fisioterapeuta.
Outras adaptações que ocorrem no corpo da gestante, e que são normais, são a abertura dos ossos pélvicos – alargamento da bacia como preparação para o parto – e o peso da barriga, que desloca o centro de gravidade e pode causar dores na região lombar.
Nesse ponto, a hidroterapia também é uma ótima opção, sugere Ana Paula, pois tem impacto mínimo e ajuda a diminuir as dores nas articulações. Além de ajudar durante o sono, que começa a ficar um pouco comprometido pela dificuldade em achar uma posição confortável para dormir.
Ela lembra também que ginásticas posturais – como a ioga, a ginástica e o pilates – são outras opções de exercícios físicos, além do RPG, uma terapia também bastante eficaz.
“Como essas modificações ocorrem muito rapidamente, as dores podem incomodar.
A ioga e o pilates são exercícios bastante indicados. Os benefícios são tanto físicos quanto psicológicos, pois a gestante tem uma enorme sensação de bem-estar, sente-se mais ágil e disposta, além de acabar se socializando, recebendo apoio e ouvindo histórias de outras pessoas que passaram ou estão na mesma condição.
Estas atividades também trabalham a respiração e o relaxamento, que ajudam para um bom padrão de sono”, afirma a especialista.
Quando essas dores são muito intensas, é necessária uma técnica de reabilitação como, por exemplo, o RPG – abreviação de Reeducação Postural Global – que além de ser uma técnica de terapia manual, trabalha a harmonização muscular e ajuda a gestante a lidar melhor com essa situação de dor.
Após o nascimento, o treino com pesos mostra sua utilidade
Os exercícios indicados por Ana Paula ajudam também no retorno à normalidade após o nascimento do bebê. Mas é bom lembrar que após o parto começa mais uma jornada dura (mas muito recompensadora). E caso você tenha investido em uma rotina de exercícios a nova realidade poderá ser menos dolorosa.
“As mamães, após o nascimento do bebê, veem sua rotina mudar bastante, especialmente com os cuidados com o bebê. Vai ser preciso pegá-lo no colo, dar banho, amamentar, carregar a mochila, entre outras atividades rotineiras envolvidas com a nova fase”, lembra Ana Paula.
Não é incomum, diz a especialista, que algumas jovens mamães tenham lesões nos braços, sobrecarreguem as costas e tenham dores nas mãos e joelhos – cujos ligamentos permanecem mais “frouxos” por conta da gestação que acabou de se encerrar. Este é um processo de adaptação do organismo chamado puerpério. O fortalecimento muscular, nesse caso, ajudaria a evitar esses problemas.
“Os exercícios físicos trazem benefícios para o corpo todo e, nessa fase da vida, são sinônimo de mais saúde e melhores condições para curtir o bebê que acabou de nascer”, finaliza Ana Paula.
Não fique parada
• Primeiro trimestre
Mais sonolência e cansaço, além de constipação intestinal e retenção de líquido.
Exercícios indicados: alongamento, exercícios cardiorrespiratórios leves, se indicados pelo médico obstetra.
• Segundo e terceiro trimestres
Modificações no corpo, aumento da barriga e do peso podem levar a dores nas costas, nas articulações.
Exercícios indicados: é possível continuar com os exercícios do primeiro trimestre, mas também há a opção da hidroginástica (melhora o ritmo do sono, relaxa e ajuda no equilíbrio) e exercícios posturais, como a ioga, o pilates e, se necessário, o RPG como tratamento para casos mais sérios de dor.
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